The compromised Neonate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The compromised Neonate - Essay Example Results also showed that the time needed for stabilisation of bilirubin levels increases along with the gestational age of the neonate. In addition, despite the various methods employed for the treatment of neonatal jaundice and the wide ranges in the treatment levels used, there has been an overall median plateau of around 72 hours for the stabilisation of bilirubin levels in most of the neonates. However, because the date of the release of the NICE guidelines was in proximity with the release of this article, it can be inferred that the national guidelines were not yet fully disseminated in most hospitals and other neonatal units during the time the participating units were contacted, as suggested by the conclusion of the article in the high variability and wide variations in the threshold levels used among the 72 units contacted by the researchers. ... r this paper since it discusses both the use of phototherapy to treat neonatal jaundice, as well as in discussing the importance of using guidelines in managing bilirubin levels for improving the symptoms of neonatal jaundice. Physiological Jaundice in the Neonate Jaundice is a condition which is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin or broken down red blood cells in various parts of the body, and is most visible as a yellow discolouration in the sclera of the eyes and on the skin starting from the head and moving down to the lower regions of the body (Robertson & South, 2007). The yellow colour is attributed to the inability of the infants’ bodies to rapidly catabolise foetal red blood cells through the liver and to expel these through bowel movement. While there are two forms of bilirubin circulating in the neonate’s blood: the unconjugated bilirubin (fat-soluble) and the conjugated bilirubin (water soluble), it is the unconjugated bilirubin which causes the yellow discolouration due to its fat-soluble nature earning its capacity to enter cellular membranes and becoming deposited in tissues such as the skin, gums, and eyes (Percival, 2002). As a result the bilirubin that builds up in the bloodstream due to the slow breakdown of red blood cell catabolism can reach to about 5-7mg/dL or 85.5-119.7?mol, binding to fatty deposits within the neonatal body and causing the yellow discolouration (Varney, et al., 2004). This amount of bilirubin build-up in the infant’s bloodstream is enough to give off the typical yellow discolouration of the skin among those affected, with the intensity of the colour associated with an increase in bilirubin accumulation. Up to 50% of neonates are typically affected by this condition and usually does not pose grave problems unless

Social Security Administration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Security Administration - Research Paper Example Social Security Act which was enacted in 1935 should be considered to be that starting point of Social Security programs. However, it was not until 1937 when the Supreme Courted proved the constitutionality of this piece of legislation (â€Å"Social Security History†, 2014). That is why this year was the first to witness the American government providing benefits to its citizens. In spite of the fact that the first people to receive these benefits were workers who retired, with the help of acts that were issue further in history, the scope was expanded to other categories of people. If one takes a look at the programs that are currently implemented in the United Stated within the framework of Social Security, one will have to note the following one. First of all, it is the oldest of them which is titled Federal Old-Age (Retirement), Survivors, and Disability Insurance. The next one is called Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. Then, there are several ones which focus on provision of healthcare services. The first of them is Medicare and the second is Medicaid. The program that should also be mentioned is Supplemental Security Income which has already helped a lot of people. Today with the help of technology it is rather easy to calculate benefits that a person is entitled to. Social Security Administration website contains a lot of calculators that will do it in no time. However, the basic algorithm for this is the following: a person multiplies actual earnings by index in order to get indexed earnings (â€Å"Your Retirement Benefit: How It Is Figured†). After certain adjustments are applied this number is divided and the result is how much money the person will be entitled to each month. Other than money that a person will get after the retirement, there are other benefits that ensure that a surviving spouse will be entitled to the money that late